sendTransaction

参数

transaction

string

必填

完全签名的交易，以 base-64 编码的字符串表示

config

object

包含以下内容的配置对象：

encoding

string

交易的编码格式（base58、base64、json）

commitment

string

Commitment 级别（processed、confirmed、finalized）

preflightCommitment

string

预检的 commitment 级别（processed、confirmed、finalized）

skipPreflight

boolean

如果为 true，跳过预检交易检查

maxRetries

number

RPC 节点重试向领导者发送交易的最大次数

minContextSlot

number

请求可被评估的最小 slot

响应

result

string

交易中嵌入的第一个交易签名（base-58 编码）

代码示例

基本请求

curl https://fra.rpc.orbitflare.com?api_key=YOUR-API-KEY -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "sendTransaction",
  "params": [
    "4hXTCkRzt9WyecNzV1XPgCDfGAZzQKNxLXgynz5QDuWWPSAZBZSHptvWRL3BjCvzUXRdKvHL2b7yGrRQcWyaqsaBCncVG7BFggS8w9snUts67BSh3EqKpXLUm5UMHfD7ZBe9GhARjbNQMLJ1QD3Spr6oMTFNhyKNMr3WNFCrXgDS7uV7u",
    {
      "encoding": "base64",
      "commitment": "confirmed"
    }
  ]
}'

使用 web3.js

import { Connection, Transaction, PublicKey, SystemProgram } from '@solana/web3.js';

const connection = new Connection('https://fra.rpc.orbitflare.com?api_key=YOUR-API-KEY');

// Create and send transaction
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
  SystemProgram.transfer({
    fromPubkey: new PublicKey('83astBRguLMdt2h5U1Tpdq5tjFoJ6noeGwaY3mDLVcri'),
    toPubkey: new PublicKey('J7rBdM6AecPDEZp8aPq5tPmsPzPhQG4HD6YtAcQBDfJj'),
    lamports: 1000000000
  })
);

const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(transaction, [signer]);
console.log('Transaction signature:', signature);

// Send transaction with confirmation
async function sendTransactionWithConfirmation(
  transaction: Transaction,
  signers: Array<Signer>,
  config: { 
    commitment?: string;
    preflightCommitment?: string;
    skipPreflight?: boolean;
    maxRetries?: number;
  }
) {
  const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(
    transaction,
    signers,
    config
  );
  
  // Wait for confirmation
  const confirmation = await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, config.commitment);
  
  return {
    signature,
    confirmation: {
      status: confirmation.value.err ? 'failed' : 'success',
      slot: confirmation.context.slot
    },
    transaction: {
      recentBlockhash: transaction.recentBlockhash,
      feePayer: transaction.feePayer?.toBase58(),
      instructions: transaction.instructions.length
    },
    metadata: {
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      commitment: config.commitment
    }
  };
}

注意事项

将已签名的交易提交到集群
交易必须完全签名
响应是交易签名
交易必须被确认后更改才会生效
交易必须包含近期的 blockhash

最佳实践

根据需求使用适当的 commitment 级别
在继续之前等待交易确认
处理速率限制和网络错误
监控交易状态以检测失败
考虑使用预检检查进行验证

常见错误

错误码	消息	解决方案
-32601	Method not found	验证是否连接到 Solana RPC 节点
-32602	Invalid params	检查交易格式和编码
-32003	Transaction simulation failed	验证交易有效性和账户余额
-32004	Blockhash not found	使用更近期的 blockhash
-32005	Node is behind	尝试其他 RPC 节点
-32006	Transaction already processed	交易已被提交
-32007	Transaction signature verification failed	检查交易签名

用例

交易管理

interface TransactionRequest {
  transaction: {
    signature: string;
    blockhash: string;
    feePayer: string;
    instructions: number;
  };
  status: {
    state: 'pending' | 'success' | 'failed';
    confirmations: number;
    slot?: number;
    error?: string;
  };
  metadata: {
    timestamp: number;
    commitment?: string;
    retries: number;
  };
}

class TransactionManager {
  private readonly maxRetries = 3;
  private readonly confirmationTimeout = 30000; // 30 seconds
  
  async sendTransaction(
    transaction: Transaction,
    signers: Array<Signer>,
    config: { 
      commitment?: string;
      preflightCommitment?: string;
      skipPreflight?: boolean;
    }
  ): Promise<TransactionRequest> {
    let retries = 0;
    let signature: string;
    
    while (retries < this.maxRetries) {
      try {
        // Get a new blockhash if retrying
        if (retries > 0) {
          const { blockhash } = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();
          transaction.recentBlockhash = blockhash;
        }
        
        signature = await connection.sendTransaction(
          transaction,
          signers,
          config
        );
        
        // Wait for confirmation
        const confirmation = await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, config.commitment);
        
        if (!confirmation.value.err) {
          return {
            transaction: {
              signature,
              blockhash: transaction.recentBlockhash,
              feePayer: transaction.feePayer?.toBase58(),
              instructions: transaction.instructions.length
            },
            status: {
              state: 'success',
              confirmations: 1,
              slot: confirmation.context.slot
            },
            metadata: {
              timestamp: Date.now(),
              commitment: config.commitment,
              retries
            }
          };
        }
        
        throw new Error(confirmation.value.err.toString());
      } catch (error) {
        retries++;
        if (retries === this.maxRetries) {
          return {
            transaction: {
              signature,
              blockhash: transaction.recentBlockhash,
              feePayer: transaction.feePayer?.toBase58(),
              instructions: transaction.instructions.length
            },
            status: {
              state: 'failed',
              confirmations: 0,
              error: error.message
            },
            metadata: {
              timestamp: Date.now(),
              commitment: config.commitment,
              retries
            }
          };
        }
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
      }
    }
  }
}

交易监控

interface TransactionStatus {
  transaction: {
    signature: string;
    slot?: number;
  };
  status: {
    confirmations: number;
    err: any;
  };
  history: Array<{
    timestamp: number;
    confirmations: number;
    error?: string;
  }>;
}

class TransactionMonitor {
  private transactions: Map<string, TransactionStatus> = new Map();
  
  async monitorTransaction(
    signature: string
  ): Promise<TransactionStatus> {
    let status = this.transactions.get(signature);
    const now = Date.now();
    
    const confirmation = await connection.getSignatureStatus(signature);
    
    if (!status) {
      status = {
        transaction: {
          signature,
          slot: confirmation?.slot
        },
        status: {
          confirmations: confirmation?.confirmations || 0,
          err: confirmation?.err
        },
        history: [{
          timestamp: now,
          confirmations: confirmation?.confirmations || 0,
          error: confirmation?.err?.toString()
        }]
      };
    } else {
      status.status.confirmations = confirmation?.confirmations || 0;
      status.status.err = confirmation?.err;
      status.history.push({
        timestamp: now,
        confirmations: confirmation?.confirmations || 0,
        error: confirmation?.err?.toString()
      });
    }
    
    this.transactions.set(signature, status);
    return status;
  }
}

交易规划

interface TransactionPlan {
  transaction: {
    instructions: number;
    signers: number;
    estimatedFee: number;
  };
  recommendations: Array<{
    type: 'proceed' | 'split' | 'abort';
    reason: string;
  }>;
  metadata: {
    timestamp: number;
  };
}

class TransactionPlanner {
  private readonly maxInstructions = 10;
  private readonly maxSigners = 8;
  
  async planTransaction(
    transaction: Transaction
  ): Promise<TransactionPlan> {
    const { feeCalculator } = await connection.getRecentBlockhash();
    const estimatedFee = feeCalculator.lamportsPerSignature * transaction.signatures.length;
    
    const recommendations: Array<{
      type: 'proceed' | 'split' | 'abort';
      reason: string;
    }> = [];
    
    if (transaction.instructions.length > this.maxInstructions) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'split',
        reason: `Transaction has ${transaction.instructions.length} instructions, exceeding maximum of ${this.maxInstructions}`
      });
    }
    
    if (transaction.signatures.length > this.maxSigners) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'split',
        reason: `Transaction has ${transaction.signatures.length} signers, exceeding maximum of ${this.maxSigners}`
      });
    }
    
    if (recommendations.length === 0) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'proceed',
        reason: 'Transaction is within limits'
      });
    }
    
    return {
      transaction: {
        instructions: transaction.instructions.length,
        signers: transaction.signatures.length,
        estimatedFee
      },
      recommendations,
      metadata: {
        timestamp: Date.now()
      }
    };
  }
  
  async splitTransaction(
    transaction: Transaction
  ): Promise<Array<{
    transaction: Transaction;
    signers: Array<PublicKey>;
  }>> {
    const chunks: Array<{
      transaction: Transaction;
      signers: Array<PublicKey>;
    }> = [];
    
    let currentChunk = new Transaction();
    let currentSigners: Array<PublicKey> = [];
    
    for (let i = 0; i < transaction.instructions.length; i++) {
      const instruction = transaction.instructions[i];
      
      if (currentChunk.instructions.length >= this.maxInstructions) {
        chunks.push({
          transaction: currentChunk,
          signers: currentSigners
        });
        
        currentChunk = new Transaction();
        currentSigners = [];
      }
      
      currentChunk.add(instruction);
      
      // Add unique signers
      instruction.keys
        .filter(key => key.isSigner)
        .forEach(key => {
          if (!currentSigners.find(signer => signer.equals(key.pubkey))) {
            currentSigners.push(key.pubkey);
          }
        });
    }
    
    if (currentChunk.instructions.length > 0) {
      chunks.push({
        transaction: currentChunk,
        signers: currentSigners
      });
    }
    
    return chunks;
  }
}

开始使用

产品

解决方案

数据获取

RPC

数据流

交易 API

参数

响应

代码示例

基本请求

使用 web3.js

注意事项

最佳实践

常见错误

用例

开始使用

产品

解决方案

数据获取

RPC

数据流

交易 API

​参数

​响应

​代码示例

​基本请求

​使用 web3.js

​注意事项

​最佳实践

​常见错误

​用例

参数

响应

代码示例

基本请求

使用 web3.js

注意事项

最佳实践

常见错误

用例